Language and Occupation Theorists
Language and Occupation
• Howard Giles + Accommodation theory
• Koester + phatic talk
• David Crystal + Initialisms + Acronyms
• Swales + discourse communities
• Dr Judith Baxter – double voiced discourse
• Johnathon meads on jargon
• Drew and Heritage 1992
Drew and Heritage
They suggested that members of a discourse community share inferential frameworks with each other, consisting of implicit ways of thinking, communicating and behaving. They also suggested that there are strong hierarchies of power within organisations, with asymmetrical relationships marked by language use. This can lead to power asymmetry in which different communities emerge within the workplace that use different forms of language to distance themselves from one another and establish a hierarchy of power.
Swales + discourse communities
What makes up a discourse community? - Swales' defining characteristics
1) Has a broadly agreed set of common public goals
2) Has mechanisms of intercommunication among its members (jargon)
3) Uses it participatory mechanisms primarily to provide information and feedback
4) Utilises and hence possesses one or more genres in the communicative furtherance of its aims
5) In addition to owning genres, it has acquired some specific lexis
6) Has a threshold level of members with a suitable degree of relevant content and discoursal expertise
Koester and phatic talk
Phatic communication is verbal or non-verbal communication that has a social function, such as to start a conversation, greet someone, or say goodbye, rather than an informative function.
Showed how important phatic talk is in getting jobs done. He recognised that workers need to establish impersonal relationships and have interactions about things that are not work related.
Suggesting social chat is an important part of effective working. Connecting with others is an important dimension in work place communications.
It is common in workplace as it is used to make good relations with co-workers +customers, however sometimes it can be taken to be fake or insincere.
David Crystal – Initialisms + Acronyms
Initialisms and acronyms in the workplace are linguistically economic as they get work done efficiently and quickly. Allow workers to complete goals and communicate efficiently, especially useful in high-stress, low-time occupations (e.g. doctors + MRI)
Howard Giles + accommodation theory
• Accommodation – we prefer accents which are most like our own
• Convergence – unintentionally using the same accent as the person you’re speaking to
• Divergence – when you try and differ your language to the person you’re speaking to
Convergence + divergence used in workplace to create quick spread of jargon form higher-ups. Also helps co-workers establish relationships with one another to help them effectively improve at their jobs together.
Johnathon meads on jargon
https://www.bbc.co.uk/iplayer/episode/b09xzsbp/jonathan-meades-on-jargon?suggid=b09xzsbp
A documentary that explores the idea that Jargon and slang are actually polar opposites and that jargon is actually 'anti-slang'. It is a pompous, upper-class way of people attempting to separate themselves from the scum of society (aka slang-users) and merely a way of sucking up to those that are have more power than you as it is thought to display intelligence and superiority.
Dr Judith Baxter + double-voiced discourse
• Linguistics expert Dr Judith Baxter - undertook an 18-month study into the speaking patterns of men and women at meetings in seven major well-known companies, including two in the FTSE-100
• Women were four times more likely than men to be self-deprecating, use humour and speak indirectly or apologetically when broaching difficult subjects with board members in order to avoid conflict
• These traits are all in aid of avoiding
• ‘Baxter said such language, which the study describes as "double voice discourse" (DvD), was used because women were often heavily outnumbered on boards’
• Howard Giles + Accommodation theory
• Koester + phatic talk
• David Crystal + Initialisms + Acronyms
• Swales + discourse communities
• Dr Judith Baxter – double voiced discourse
• Johnathon meads on jargon
• Drew and Heritage 1992
Drew and Heritage
They suggested that members of a discourse community share inferential frameworks with each other, consisting of implicit ways of thinking, communicating and behaving. They also suggested that there are strong hierarchies of power within organisations, with asymmetrical relationships marked by language use. This can lead to power asymmetry in which different communities emerge within the workplace that use different forms of language to distance themselves from one another and establish a hierarchy of power.
Swales + discourse communities
What makes up a discourse community? - Swales' defining characteristics
1) Has a broadly agreed set of common public goals
2) Has mechanisms of intercommunication among its members (jargon)
3) Uses it participatory mechanisms primarily to provide information and feedback
4) Utilises and hence possesses one or more genres in the communicative furtherance of its aims
5) In addition to owning genres, it has acquired some specific lexis
6) Has a threshold level of members with a suitable degree of relevant content and discoursal expertise
Koester and phatic talk
Phatic communication is verbal or non-verbal communication that has a social function, such as to start a conversation, greet someone, or say goodbye, rather than an informative function.
Showed how important phatic talk is in getting jobs done. He recognised that workers need to establish impersonal relationships and have interactions about things that are not work related.
Suggesting social chat is an important part of effective working. Connecting with others is an important dimension in work place communications.
It is common in workplace as it is used to make good relations with co-workers +customers, however sometimes it can be taken to be fake or insincere.
David Crystal – Initialisms + Acronyms
Initialisms and acronyms in the workplace are linguistically economic as they get work done efficiently and quickly. Allow workers to complete goals and communicate efficiently, especially useful in high-stress, low-time occupations (e.g. doctors + MRI)
Howard Giles + accommodation theory
• Accommodation – we prefer accents which are most like our own
• Convergence – unintentionally using the same accent as the person you’re speaking to
• Divergence – when you try and differ your language to the person you’re speaking to
Convergence + divergence used in workplace to create quick spread of jargon form higher-ups. Also helps co-workers establish relationships with one another to help them effectively improve at their jobs together.
Johnathon meads on jargon
https://www.bbc.co.uk/iplayer/episode/b09xzsbp/jonathan-meades-on-jargon?suggid=b09xzsbp
A documentary that explores the idea that Jargon and slang are actually polar opposites and that jargon is actually 'anti-slang'. It is a pompous, upper-class way of people attempting to separate themselves from the scum of society (aka slang-users) and merely a way of sucking up to those that are have more power than you as it is thought to display intelligence and superiority.
Dr Judith Baxter + double-voiced discourse
• Linguistics expert Dr Judith Baxter - undertook an 18-month study into the speaking patterns of men and women at meetings in seven major well-known companies, including two in the FTSE-100
• Women were four times more likely than men to be self-deprecating, use humour and speak indirectly or apologetically when broaching difficult subjects with board members in order to avoid conflict
• These traits are all in aid of avoiding
• ‘Baxter said such language, which the study describes as "double voice discourse" (DvD), was used because women were often heavily outnumbered on boards’
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